Video Camera and Scanner
Video cameras are versatile derives, being able to capture images of any type, including solid objects. Scanners are limited to image on paper but they are able to scan each spot the paper with much greater accuracy than cameras and so are more widely used for this type of input.
Most scanners incorporate a special sort of camera made up of Charged-Coupled Devices (CCDs). Each CCD receives light from the image and provided the light is strong enough, will generate and electrical charge. This means that light areas or dots of the image are represented by charged cells and dark areas by uncharged cells. As the paper containing the image moves past the camera during the scanning process, these charges create electrical impulses which are fed into the computer where they are interpreted by the scanning software as part of the image.
The resolution of the typical scanner is 600 dots per inch, which means that it splits each square inch of the image up into a matrix of 600×600 tiny areas. This is better than the resolution of most laser printers.
The technology behind this is well understood and quit straightforward. Nowadays, scanner are widely used to get drawings, diagrams and photographs into computer systems for incorporation into documents and books which are mode up electronically prior to printing. Much more difficult is the recognition of the image by the computer, so that it is able to act upon what is sees. Just as the speech-recognition system described in the previous article worked by breaking down the spoken word into its phonetic elements, so image-recognition system work by breaking down the image into component parts, identifying each and analyzing their position relative to each other.
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